Walt Disney's most recognized
character, Mickey Mouse, made his grand debut on
November 18, 1928,and blew the world away as the
star of the cartoon with sound; Steamboat Willie.
Since that day, Mickey Mouse has become an international
icon whose success laid the foundation upon which
Walt Disney built his entire organization. Besides
being the poster child of everything Disney, Mickey
Mouse has become one of the most universal symbols
of the Twentieth Century.
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Mickey Mouse was brought
to life in Walt Disney's
imagination in early 1928 on a train ride from New
York to Los Angeles. Walt was returning from a meeting
where his cartoon creation, Oswald the Rabbit, had
been taken from him by his financial backers. Walt
who was only 26 at the time already had a active
cartoon studio in Hollywood, and he had gone east
to arrange for more money and a new contract and
to improve the quality of his Oswald pictures. Unfortunately
the moneymen declined his request, and since the
character was copyrighted under their name, they
took control of it. Walt revealed later that Mrs.
Disney and himself were coming back from New York
on the train and he had nothing to tell them back
at the studio besides the fact that he had lost
Oswald. He knew he had to have something he could
tell them. He had this mouse in the back of his
head because he felt a mouse is a sympathetic character
in spite of the fact that everybody's frightened
of them , including Walt himself. So he spent the
return train ride coming up with a little mouse
in red velvet pants, named "Mortimer," By the time
the train screeched into the terminal in Los Angeles,
the new dream mouse had been born. Walt's wife,
Lillian, thought the name "Mortimer" was too proper
and suggested a simpler name like "Mickey." And
there on that train a star was born!
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Upon returning to his studio,
Walt and his head animator, Ub Iwerks, immediately
began work on the first Mickey Mouse cartoon, Plane
Crazy. The enthusiasm with which his small staff
completed the project faded when no distributor
wanted to buy the film. Refusing to give in, Walt
forged into production on another silent Mickey
Mouse cartoon, Gallopin' Gaucho. However, late in
1927, Warner Brothers ushered in the talkies with
the Jazz Singer, staffing Al Jolson. This soon signaled
the end of silent films so, in 1928, Walt dropped
everything to begin a third Mickey Mouse cartoon,
this one in sound: Steamboat Willie.
To
record the sound track, Walt had to take his film
to New York, since no one on the West Coast was
equipped to do it. Walt sank everything he had into
the film. When finally completed, Walt screened
it for the New York exhibitors. The manager at the
Colony theatre liked the eager young producer and
decided to take a chance on his film. Steamboat
Willie scored an overwhelming success, and Walt
soon became the talk of the nation. Buoyed by the
artistic and popular success of Steamboat Willie,
Disney added sound to the first two cartoons and
was able to offer exhibitors a package of three
shorts. As with all of Mickey Mouse's pictures through
World War II, Walt himself supplied the voice. Then
in 1946, when Walt became too busy to continue,
Jim Macdonald, veteran Disney sound and vocal effects
man, took over. ( Jim Macdonald continued to provide
the voice of Mickey Mouse for nearly thirty years,
until he retired in 1974. Following his retirement,
Wayne Allwine was selected to perform the voice
of Mickey Mouse. Wayne has provided Mickey Mouse's
vocal characterizations in his most recent screen
appearances ).
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Mickey Mouse's skyrocket to
fame didn't take long. His cartoons became so popular
that people would first ask ticket takers if they
were "running a Mickey" before they would admission.
Soon, orlandos were displaying posters that read
"Mickey Mouse playing today!" It was not uncommon
for patrons to sit through a feature twice to see
him again. The thirties was Mickey Mouse's golden
age; 87 cartoon shorts starring the multi-talented
mouse were produced by Walt Disney during that decade.
He played everything from fireman to giant killer,
cowboy to inventor, detective to plumber. Technically
and artistically Mickey Mouse cartoons were far
superior to other contemporary cartoons and gave
life to an entire family of animated characters:
Minnie Mouse, Clarabelle Cow, Horace Horsecollar,
Goofy, Pluto, Donald Duck, Peg-Leg Pete, and many
others.
the artistic success of the animators
was honored in 1932 when an Oscar was presented
to Walt Disney for the creation of Mickey Mouse.
Mickey Mouse's popularity spawned a Mickey Mouse
Club in 1929 which met every Saturday for an afternoon
of cartoons and games in local orlandos. The several
million Mouse Clubbers had a secret handshake, special
member greeting, code of behavior, and even a special
club song, "Minnie's Yoo Hoo". The peak of Mickey
Mouse's golden decade was his starring role as the
Sorcerer's Apprentice in the feature Fantasia (1940),
a major artistic innovation. It interpreted music
in colors, shapes, movement, and story. The animation
techniques were years ahead of their time and have
never been matched. Fantasia also introduced stereophonic
sound to orlandos, an element not employed by other
studios until more than a decade later.
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With the advent of World War
II, the Disney Studio suspended nearly all commercial
activity and concentrated on aiding the war effort
with training films, goodwill tours, and designing
of posters and armed forces insignia. Mickey Mouse
played his part by appearing on insignia and posters
urging national security and the of war bonds. And,
incredibly, the password of the Allied forces on
D-Day, June 6,1944, was "Mickey Mouse." Following
the war, Mickey Mouse returned to making cartoons
and appeared in his second feature, Fun and Fancv
Free (1947), in which he co-starred with Goofy and
Donald Duck in a new version of "Jack and the Beanstalk,"
titled appropriately "Mickey and the Beanstalk."
Through the forties and early fifties, Mickey
Mouse made fewer cartoons, giving ground to Donald
Duck, Goofy, and Pluto, who were more flexible as
characters. Mickey Mouse's evolution into a Disney
symbol made it increasingly more difficult to create
story situations for him. If he lost his temper
or did anything sneaky, fans would write in insisting
that Mickey Mouse just wouldn't do that. After the
success of the Disneyland television show in 1954,
Disney agreed the next year to create an afternoon
program for ABC. He gave them the Mickey Mouse Club,
which became the most successful children's show
ever. In 1977, the New Mickey Mouse Club, featuring
12 new Mouseketeers, debuted on television, and
a third generation of Mouseketeers hit the airwaves
in 1989 when the Mickey Mouse Club debuted as a
series on the Disney Channel with shows airing on
weekday afternoons.
Mickey Mouse moved to
Disneyland in 1955 to become chief host of the theme
park, welcoming millions of visitors annually, shaking
hands, posing for pictures, and leading the big
parades on national holidays. In 1971, he helped
open theWalt Disney
World Resort; in 1983 he donned a kimono for
the dedication of Tokyo Disneyland; and in 1992,
he sported a beret for the opening of what is now
called Disneyland Paris. His other activities include
public appearance tours around the world for the
Walt Disney Company.
Mickey Mouse has been
saluted at three of the Disney theme parks
by having "lands" created in his honor. Mickey's
Birthdayland (now Mickey's Starland) opened on November
18, 1988, in the Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World
to honor Mickey Mouse on his 60th birthday. Mickey's
Toontown opened in 1993 in Disneyland, then in 1996
at Tokyo Disneyland and now serves as home to Mickey
Mouse and all of his cartoon friends.
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After all these years, the
cultists are beginning to understand why the Mickey
Mouse of the thirties was so popular. He was a little
guy born out of the depression who satirized people's
foibles and taught them to laugh. Most importantly,
he was a character who dreamed big, and his dreams
were universal.
One of the finest tributes
to Mickey Mouse was given by Walt Disney himself
when, on his first television show as he surveyed
Disneyland, Walt said, "I hope we never lose sight
of one fact... That this was all started by a Mouse."
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